By Lisa Collier Cool | Posted February 3 2011
New survey suggests that many Americans are unaware of tanning hazards
49 states, including Hawaii, were recently dusted with snow. But frosty weather hasn’t chilled the quest for a perpetual summertime tan. Nearly 20 percent of women and about 6 percent of men say they’ve used indoor tanning facilities in the previous 12 months, according to a December, 2010 University of Minnesota study. About 30 million Americans use tanning salons, the researchers report. Yet many tanners seem unaware of the hazards. When asked about ways to prevent skin cancer, only 13.3 percent of the women and 4.2 percent of men polled suggested avoiding indoor tanning, despite studies linking it to increased skin cancer risk.
A July, 2010 Australian study found that men and women who have ever used tanning beds (also known as sunbeds) are 1.41 times more likely to develop melanoma (the most deadly form of skin cancer) than never-users, while those who have used the devices more than ten times had double the melanoma risk of non-users. Each year, more than two million U.S. patients are diagnosed with skin cancer, and over a lifetime, one in five Americans will develop it. Most cases are sparked by excessive exposure to UV rays, whether from the sun (the leading cause) or indoor tanning.
In 2005, Stacey Escalante was 34, and training for a marathon, when she noticed a shiny red bump on her lower back. “I put off going to the dermatologist for several months because I thought it was just a pimple,” says the former TV news reporter from Las Vegas, Nevada. Instead it was melanoma that had spread from her back to a lymph node in her groin. “When the doctor said there was a 30% chance I could die in the next five years, I was so scared that I turned white as a ghost. I had a six-month-old daughter and my son was two. It was devastating to think I might not be around to see them grow up.”
A former sun worshipper, Escalante grew up in California. “I’d fry in baby oil and would even lie on aluminum foil so I’d bake evenly. After I moved to Las Vegas, I started going to tanning salons at least once a week because I thought I looked good with golden brown skin.” Now in remission after two years of treatment with an injected cancer drug, she volunteers for the American Cancer Society and other groups, working to educate young people about dangers of tanning.
A frequent speaker at high schools, she shows students a video about her ordeal, including shots of her scars—a dent the size of a coffee cup where the cancer was removed from her back and a 19-inch incision in her left leg from an operation to remove lymph nodes. “Sometimes kids cry during the video. I tell them that vanity put my life at risk and I wouldn’t want that to happen to anyone else.”
Rates of melanoma have more than tripled since 1980. “I equate tanning to smoking because both can lead to lethal disease,” says James Grichnik, MD, Ph.D., professor and director of the melanoma program at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. “There is very good data on the dangers of sunbeds, particularly for young people. If the first exposure occurs before age 35, the risk of melanoma goes up by 75 percent. For patients diagnosed at age 18 to 29, having ten or more sunbed sessions raised risk for melanoma by 6.5 fold.”
The bottom line on tanning? “Cooking your skin in the sun or in a sunbed isn’t good for your health or your looks,” says Dr. Grichnik. “UV light, whether UVA or UVB, creates mutations in the skin that can not only lead to melanoma and other cancers, but also causes photoaging, pigment changes like brown spots, and irreversible wrinkles. People who think they would look better with darker skin need to ask themselves if the risks, including fatal disease, are worth it.”
CONNECT THE DOTS
For tips on the best ways to protect yourself from UV rays, visit the websites of the American Cancer Society and the Environmental Protection Agency. Also check out the Skin Cancer Foundation’s report on women and melanoma. For news and information on diagnosis, treatment, and warning signs of skin cancer, visit MedlinePlus.